#52Ancestors52Weeks...Week 13...Worship.... It Happened on Church Street

 Emmanuel Episcopal Church 

235 South Church Street Grass Valley, California

Pen and watercolor  by local artist Loana Beeson 

This framed picture hung in my grandfather's house for many years. This is the church he and his family grew up in. 

 

 Grass Valley United Methodist Church

236 South Church Street Grass Valley, California

Pen and watercolor by local artist Loana Beeson

This framed and matted picture was a wedding present from the artist to my husband and I in June of 1981. This is the church I grew up in. 

 

    Emmanuel Church first opened its doors for worship on August 1, 1858. The Carpenter Gothic style building was built on land donated by the Gold Hill Quartz Mining Company and many pioneer families regularly worshiped there.  Directly across the street was the Methodist Episcopal Church which was formed in 1852 and began as a house with several additions before the grand new church was built in 1872. The steeple which housed the church bell was 125 feet tall. Cornish families worshiped there as they had done in their Cornish Chapels back in England. 

The 1872 church building.  

This church burned in a spectacular fire in August of 1936.  Luckily, Emmanuel Church, which was directly across the street, did not catch fire. The worry was the steeple would fall outward but it eventually fell back into the church itself and the entire church was gone in less than an hour. 

  This week's writing prompt is Worship....   I am not focusing on just one ancestor this week,  but rather a place that has influenced my family since the 1800's. When I think of  Church street (or more specifically South Church street) in Grass Valley, California I am reminded of the role it has played in my family history and in my continuing faith.   

    Church street was so named because of the  five original churches built on the quiet dirt road just one block up  from Mill street, which was the heart of town.  The Congregational Church (built by pioneers in 1853) was on the corner of Church and Neal streets.  St. Patrick's Parish Church (1855) was located at the intersection of Church street and Chapel street.  The African Methodist Episcopal Church (1854) was also located on Church street until 1894.  Even though my family did not worship at these other three churches, St. Mary's Academy, next door to St. Patrick's,  was where Uncle Jack took commercial classes as a young man and my grandfather took choral classes. Their Norwegian father John Hartwig Hansen was involved in drama productions there to learn to speak English.  My mother took piano lessons there from Sister Mary James. The building now houses the Grass Valley Museum where the Burrows family cradle is located. 

   My great great grandparents Alexander Burrows and  Elizabeth Jane Hurd Burrows attended the Emmanuel Church on Church street with their growing family in the  late 1800's. This is my great grandmother's original Baptism certificate from 1895 and her later confirmation card from 1899.

  There are only three documents that have Clara's name written as Clara Vere de Vere:  Her graduation diploma and these two religious records. She was named after Clara Vere de Vere in the Alfred Lord Tennyson poem!

  The next generation also worshiped at Emmanuel:

 Vere Burrows Hansen with her boys (l-r) Robley, Harold and Jack

 Harold was my grandfather. 

  Clara Vere Burrows married John Hartwig Hansen and together they had three boys: Jack, Robley and Harold (the youngest).  Vere made sure the boys were baptized and eventually  confirmed in the Emmanuel Church. The above picture was taken around 1912 and was found in Vere's photograph album. 

My grandfather's confirmation card from 1922. 

    The Methodist Church across the street was built by Cornish miners who came to Grass Valley to work in the gold mines. The church was heavily influenced by the preaching and music of John and Charles Wesley and became known for the Cornish Carol Choir, Pasty Bake Sales and the Cornish Fair (all of which continue on to this day).  

   My other great grandmother, Emma King Hayes VanDuzer, was a resident of Grass Valley from a young age when her parents immigrated from Cornwall to Grass Valley. They were staunch Methodists who had previously worshiped in the small Methodist Chapel on East Hill in St. Austell, Cornwall.  After living in San Francisco, Nana later made Grass Valley her permanent home with her daughters.  She was very involved in the church and was a very active member there for the rest of her life. She was known for heading up committees, singing in the choir, sewing drapes for Wesley Hall, and for her flower arrangements.  She started the "Friendly Club" and the quilting group.   Her daughters Dorothy, Fran and Margaret (Betty, my grandmother) were life long members as well. 

The new Methodist Church was dedicated on Palm Sunday, 1939.  The architecture style was California Mission Revival. All the solid oak pews with their red velvet cushions came from the Temple Methodist Church in San Francisco. The pipe  organ came from a theater in Chicago.  

   My grandfather Harold Hansen (of Emmanuel Episcopal Church) recorded his "life story" later in life, and told how Emma VanDuzer cornered him on Mill Street one day to ask if he could help with Easter music at the Methodist Church.  My grandfather had a beautiful tenor voice and sang at other churches in the area as well as  in San Francisco.  He crossed the street to attend choir practice at the Methodist Church,  met Betty (who was a soprano), and "took a shine to her from the start".  They were married on July 2, 1939.  They were my grandparents. 

 Jack Hansen, Harold Hansen and Betty Hayes Hansen , Dorothy Hayes in the new Methodist Church July 2, 1939.  Jack and Harold grew up in the Emmanuel Church, Betty and Dorothy grew up in the Methodist Church.  Nana made sure Grandma and Grandpa stayed Methodist....

Margaret "Betty" Hayes Hansen (my grandmother)

July 2, 1939.  The beautiful walnut woodwork is still in the church.

    My Dad's family came to Grass Valley in 1947 (a little later than my pioneer relatives on my Mom's side....).  My Grandmother (Nino) was raised in the Catholic faith but decided the Catholic ritual and teaching were not for her.  She attended Emmanuel Episcopal Church for quite awhile, because she liked the priest. She then switched to the Methodist Church across the street after the Episcopal priest left. Nino helped my sister and I memorize the Lord's Prayer at a very early age.  Her mother, Nonna, belonged to the Methodist Church in San Francisco where she worked in the church kitchen and was loved by all.  When she died new kitchen equipment was purchased in her memory and a plaque was placed designating the space as "The Caterina Brondolo Memorial Kitchen". Nonna attended the Methodist Church in Grass Valley when she visited Nino. Nonna was known to have a constant conversation with her Jesus who could help her with anything at all. 

 My Dad went to the youth group at the Methodist Church and later joined the Methodist Youth Movement at University of the Pacific in Stockton.  Both my Dad and Mom attended UOP, which was founded in 1851 by three Methodist ministers. When he and Mom were married, the Methodist Church became our family's place of worship, and our second home on Sundays. My sister and I would often spend the night with either Nana or Grandma and Grandpa and go to church the next morning with our quarters ready for the collection plate. 

Dale  and Margaret (Hansen) Boothby with Tersilla Boothby (Nino) in Wesley Hall after their wedding.  June 25, 1961

In front of the Methodist Church at my parent's wedding June 25 1961

I recognize: Nonna, Dottie, an unknown couple, Nino, Little Mary, Aunt Dena, Uncle Frank and ? Little Mary's husband?

   Growing up in the this church gave me many happy memories.  Worshiping with a large congregation of people who truly loved the Lord and each other,  singing hymns from the red hymnal (especially at Christmas and Easter) and hearing my own grandparents sing in the choir every Sunday will always stay with me.  Seeing the flowers my Nana and Auntie Dot placed on the altar every spring also comes to mind.  I can still smell the daphne and the daffodils. Sunday school songs and stories, Youth Group and Vacation Bible School. Church potlucks and picnics. Hearing both my Mom and Dad play two piano duets during the service. Playing in the handbell choir while my Mom directed.  

    Later on my husband and I were married in this church, as were my sister and her husband.  My Dad's funeral was held here with standing room only.  In fact, many family weddings, baptisms and funerals were held in both churches on Church street over the many years.  

 June 28, 1981 

Methodist Church Grass Valley, California

 

  

The large "Christ" window in the front of the church.  This is the view I had every Sunday growing up. Photograph taken May 21, 2023.

     

    I still visit the Methodist Church with Mom (who still attends) on occasion.  I love just sitting in the pews and meditating on the beautiful stain glass windows that all tell a story. The church my husband and I attend now with our children and grandchildren is nothing like the church I grew up in.  It has no stain glass, no wood pews with a smooth patina and history, no altar flowers, no homey feel.  The music is loud and the service is presented in multimedia. Change is inevitable.  But, the preaching is solid and from the Gospel. In the end, that's what matters the most. I still have my lasting faith which was handed down from all my relatives worshiping on Church Street. 

References: 

The Church With the Golden Past; A History of the Grass Valley United Methodist Church. By Don Alexander and Dorothy Peavy  October, 2006

Once again, thanks Mom, for all your help with this post!

 

#52Ancestors52Weeks....Week 12...Technology....The Crawford Family's Cartes de Visite (That's Plural for Carte de Visite)

Three Crawford cartes de visite 

Each photograph measures  2 1/2" X 4" each. 

    The Crawford family made its way to Sacramento, California from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1852 by wagon (see my previous posts on the Crawford Family).  Along with the family bible and original marriage certificates I have nine small pictures that were with the Crawford possessions.  They are  carte de visite photographs; these became popular after the Crawfords moved to California.  They were made possible by evolving technology in the field of portrait photography and became the craze all over the world until the turn of the century. They are now considered an early form of social media.  The Crawford  photographs were taken in Sacramento and San Francisco, California, between 1863 and the very early 1880's. 

      The daguerreotype was the first successful form of photography in the early 1840's and by the 1850's most professional photographers took either daguerreotypes or ambrotypes. These new technologies drew on knowledge of chemistry and optics and as the photography craze grew the technique was refined. These forms of portraiture had drawbacks;  each picture was unique but  the sitter had to pose for long periods of time (3-15 minutes) and making copies was difficult and expensive. But, the science of photography was rapidly evolving and expanding. 

  

   A new technology was developed in Paris in 1854 which used a special multi-lens  camera to produce multiple small photographic albumen prints that were mounted onto cardboard. They were very affordable;  better yet, the sitter could have a choice of poses without having to sit for long periods of time. Copies were easily made.  The cards were as small as a calling card (hence the name "visiting card") and made portrait photographs accessible to a broader demographic.  It was introduced to the United States in 1859 and became popular with the start of the Civil War.  Carte de visite photography was the most popular photographic format in the nineteenth century and special albums were even patented so that people could collect and save their CDV's of family, friends, the famous and royalty.  It was the start of the family photo album. It was the Instagram of the times!

   The Crawfords must have exchanged these pictures with family and friends.  If there was an album, it has been lost to time. Sadly, there is no family identification on any of the cards......

  This is the only CDV that is dated, and is the earliest of the CDV's.   It is a proof of a small girl, probably around the age of 3 or 4 at most. She had blue eyes and was wearing a dress that would have been worn in the early 1860's.  Her hair was in ringlets.  She may have been sitting in a chair and holding a basket.  Who could she have been?

  

   The Crawford family was in Sacramento by 1852, and may have come with the Cummings family from Philadelphia.  I am still exploring the relationship between these two families.  This picture could not have been my great grandmother Sarah Elizabeth Crawford (born in 1856), which I previously thought. She would have been close to 7 years old in 1863.  It could have been Nellie Cummings, born in Sacramento in 1860.  She is the only family member to fit this timeline. Sadly, Nellie passed away in 1865 of typhoid fever.  

 A colorized version using the editing tool on  Ancestry.com.

Those blue eyes do not match my great grandmother Sarah Elizabeth Crawford's eyes.  This little girl's identity remains a mystery. 

  

 The back,  showing the photographer's stamp

  This picture was taken in Sacramento at the A. P. Bailey studio on J Street.  Mr. Bailey was listed in the 1868 City Directory as having a photography studio at 244 J Street.  The borders of this CDV (2 line border of different widths) date this picture to the second half of the 1860's.  This young man looks to be around 17 or 18. I believe it is George Byerly Crawford, older brother of Sarah Elizabeth Crawford. 

  This CDV was taken in Sacramento at the J. A. Todd studio (embossed at the bottom right).  Mr. Todd was also listed in the 1868 Directory as working at 117 J Street.  This particular vignette was popular between 1864 and 1867, and the border also dates it to the second half of the 1860's.  This may be Sarah Byerly Crawford, my great great grandmother, who would have been around 41 or 42 at this time.  It is entirely possible that this was Rebecca Byerly Cummings, who would have been close to 50 at this time.  Sarah and Rebecca may have been sisters or close relatives.  

 

 A close up taken in the same sitting

  This CDV has no studio stamps or markings, but looks very similar to the photographs taken in Sacramento.  The border suggests this was taken in the second half of 1860 also.  This young girl looks to be around 9 or 10.  This may be my great grandmother Sarah Elizabeth Crawford.  I was particularly interested in her cowlick, which appears in later photographs.  In this picture, she is holding a small purse and appears to have very short hair.  Was she ill at some point, or did she just prefer short hair? There were two copies of this picture in the collection.  

  

This CDV was taken in San Francisco at the Hoebel and Luther Photography Gallery on Third Street.  They can be found in the 1872 and 1873 City Directories.  The Crawfords had moved to San Francisco by the 1870 Census.  This may be Sarah Elizabeth Crawford, several years older than the previous picture taken in Sacramento.  She has the same cowlick and the same short hairstyle which is so mysterious to me.  This picture was most likely taken in the very late 1860's to the very early part of the 1870's. 

  The rounded corners scanned better on this image of the back. 

  This CDV was taken at the Peoples Art Gallery on Third Street in San Francisco.  The hairstyle, clothing, and oval frame with rounded corners date this picture to the late 1870's.  I believe this is Sarah Elizabeth Crawford, right before her marriage to Franklin Hayes in 1881. She looks to be around 19 or 20.  The cowlick is the same as the previous pictures, and her hair had grown out. The Peoples Art Gallery was in business from 1864 until the late 1890's.  John D. Godeus was  operating his gallery at 34 Third Street in 1880 per the San Francisco City Directory. 

The rounded corners did not scan on this photograph. 

  This CDV looks very similar to the above photograph, but has no photographer's stamp on the back.  The cheeks and lips have been tinted.  I believe this is George Byerly Crawford, but this may have been taken when he was in his early 20's, possibly at the time of his marriage to Sarah Christina Maddux in 1873.  The rounded corners date this to the 1870's, but perhaps a bit earlier than the above photograph. If so, it may have been taken in Sacramento. 

  Now comes the fun part...

     Comparison of these three CDV's of Sarah Elizabeth Crawford.  Same person? What do you think? 

 

The top picture is of Sarah "Sallie" Crawford Hayes taken around 1909; she would have been in her early 50's.  Same person?  What do you think? 

Comparison of these two CDV's of George Byerly Crawford. Same person? What do you think? 

  I feel so fortunate to have these wonderful pictures; the Crawford family took advantage of the new technology of the day, got dressed up and went to the photography studio!  What an experience that would have been.  These days an Iphone is all we need to capture any moment in our lives.  What would the Crawfords think of our technology? These cartes de visite are 160 years old and can still be touched, felt and pondered over.  What will happen to the thousands of images on our devices and how will they be accessed in 160 years? What new technology will be used? ....AI powered cameras,  3-D printing technology to create physical prints of digital images, as well as  virtual and augmented reality experiences with images are already being developed. It is almost mind boggling to think of.  Just as the first photographic portrait would have been way back when. 

https://www.spyne.ai/blogs/future-of-photography

 Relationship Reference:

Me:--Margaret Hansen Boothby--Margaret Elizabeth Hayes Hansen--

I

The parents of Margaret Hayes Hansen were Emma Lavinia King Hayes VanDuzer  and Lester Franklin Hayes.

(they had three daughters: Dorothy, Francis and Margaret)

I

The parents of Lester Hayes were Sarah (Sallie) Elizabeth Crawford and Franklin Hayes 

I

The parents of Sarah (Sallie) Crawford were John Washington Crawford and Sarah Byerly of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, married in 1848. 

#52Ancestors52Weeks....Week 11...Achievement....Elizabeth Jane Hurd Burrows, Pioneer Woman Lawyer

 

   

The Morning Union 20 April 1935

Mrs. E. Burrows, Pioneer Woman Lawyer, Passes 

  Mrs. J. E. Burrows, second woman to pass the state bar examinations and the second woman attorney in California, a member of the vanguard of succeeding generations of women barristers, who  have achieved fame and distinction for themselves and their sex in the matter of the legal profession, died at Oakland yesterday morning at the age of 81 years.  

  Mrs. Burrows was the mother of Mrs. Vere Hansen of Grass Valley and grandmother of the Hansen boys, a former resident of Grass Valley and mother of an original family of 12 children, all of whom were born in this city. 

 

  Her passing yesterday morning was not entirely unexpected by family members as her health had been declining in recent months and Mrs. Hansen and sons made frequent trips to Oakland to visit her in recent months.  With capabilities and vision engendered by a family of pioneer forebearers, Mrs. Burrows, herself a pioneer in the light of the present day period, completed a most remarkable life.

.....Brought Here in '56

  Mrs. Burrows was a native of Pennsylvania, but was scarcely two years of age when she made the trip over the Isthmus with her parents, and came to Nevada City in 1856.  Her residence in Nevada City and the state of Nevada, where the family became one of the most prominent in the state, was overshadowed by her Grass Valley residence.  She passed the state bar examinations in 1887 when women attorneys were few, but she reflected credit on her profession.  The late A. Burrows, husband of Mrs. Burrows, was also an attorney, serving as attorney for Grass Valley at one period. ........  

 From The Morning Union 4 March 1926

Jane's son Don Burrows passed the  California Bar Examination.  This article states that Jane was the third woman to pass the California Bar. 

      

     The theme for this week is achievement.   Elizabeth Jane (Hurd) Burrows was my great great grandmother, and I have written extensively about her life in the past. You can find her stories in the Labels section on the right side bar.  She "completed a most remarkable life" as her glowing obituary states.  

   On the surface, becoming the second (or was it third?) woman in California to pass the state bar and become an attorney seems like quite an achievement.  When you put it into historical context it becomes something quite amazing!  Did Jane Burrows really have the distinction of being the second woman lawyer and attorney in California? I think she came close!

  Clara Foltz (1849-1934) was California's first woman lawyer, passing the bar in 1878.  In 1876 Clara's husband abandoned her and her 5 children so Clara began to give public lectures on suffrage to make ends meet.  Her main aspiration to help support her family was to become a lawyer.  She  wanted to take the bar examination, but at that time the state of California allowed only white males to become members of the bar. She successfully secured passage of the Woman's Lawyer Bill in the California state legislature, changing the wording from "white male" to "any citizen or person" who was eligible to become a member of the bar. 

  Clara worked along side her suffragette friend Laura Gordon, the first woman to run a daily newspaper in the United States (the Stockton Weekly Leader) to get the wording of the law changed.  In September of 1878 Clara passed the bar examination as the first woman to do so in California. In December of 1879, Gordon was admitted to the State Bar of California as the second woman to do so.  She went on to become the second woman to be admitted to the bar of the United States Supreme Court in 1883. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Shortridge_Foltz  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_de_Force_Gordon. 

   Both Clara and Laura sought more formal law training but were denied access to Hastings College of the Law (because they were women and the rustling of their skirts might distract the male students). Both women filed a case against the school and successfully argued the case  before the California Supreme Court.  Neither woman graduated due to work, activism and family obligations.  Even though Laura Gordon was the second woman to become a lawyer in California, I believe that Jane Burrows was right up there with these women trailblazers. She would have been one of a small group of women to be admitted to the Bar between 1879 and 1887.  Her obituary states she was the second, but it would have been more accurate to say she was the third (as stated in her son Don's article).  Either way, both Clara and Laura would have been exemplary role models for Jane Burrows!

 

 The Morning Union 1 Oct 1887 Grass Valley, California

    A little snippet of information found in The Morning Union on 1 October, 1887 reads:  "Mrs. E.J. Burrows of Grass Valley has been admitted to practice in the Superior Court".  Clara Foltz' experience involved a 3 hour oral exam overseen by a committee of 3 judges in San Jose. I wonder if it compared to Jane's experience? This was such a small announcement for such an amazing achievement! 

    8 of Jane's 12 children had been born in Grass Valley, California by 1887.  Her husband Alexander Burrows had been a successful lawyer, mining law expert, and writer for at least 10 years by the time Jane was admitted to practice.  Where she found the time to study we will never know! She probably apprenticed under Alexander through his practice until she was ready to seek admission.  I do know that I have not found any evidence that she practiced her profession publicly, but she was probably a great help to her husband with his many cases, or she provided help with smaller legal matters. This was seen at the time as a more accepted way for a woman in a small town to practice law.  Jane even described herself as the "consulting council of the concern" (from A. Burrows biography published in Memorial and Biographical History of Northern California, 1891).  She went on to have 4 more children. 

  Jane Burrows' personal Rules For the Government of Practice in the Superior Court of the County of Nevada, State of California, adopted October 16, 1893.  Her name is imprinted in gold leaf on the cover. 

5"x 7"

In our family collection. 

 Title Page 

Page 1 of the Rules (there were 18 pages of rules)

Last page

Roll of  Attorneys

Mr. A. Burrows and Mrs. E.J. Burrows are listed.  No "Mrs. A. Burrows" for Jane! 

Jane Burrows' calling card.

Jane Burrows  1855-1935

Photograph taken around 1893 in Virginia City Nevada, probably when her mother Harriet Hurd passed away.  

Shared by the William Nankervis Archive on Ancestry.com

    Jane Burrows was a woman of remarkable intelligence, strength, and courage.  She was probably a little strong-willed as well!  She eventually divorced Alexander Burrows in 1894 (on charges of cruelty and the inability of the couple to live happily together); another life event that might be considered outside societal norms for the time. In 1907 her daughter Gwendolyn was killed in the Eagle Rock railway wreck, and a lawsuit was filed for damages.  We don't know if Jane personally filed the lawsuit, but she certainly had the skills and force to threaten the rail company.  She ended up with $3,000 in the settlement.  She was obviously a strong role model for her son Don, who also became a California lawyer. 

    I wish I knew more about Jane's desire to become a lawyer. What was her intrinsic motivation? She must have known of Clara Foltz and Laura Gordon and watched their work on behalf of women. Were they her inspiration? Or maybe it was a little competition between husband and wife.... I would also love to know her thoughts on suffrage for women and how much that cause played a part in her life.  

  Was she proud of her accomplishments?  Her family certainly was.  I know that she came from a pioneer family that was quite resilient and strong.  They highly valued education and learning; one sister became a nurse and several of her sisters became teachers in Virginia City and Reno, Nevada.  Her youngest sister became principal of McKinley Park Elementary school in Reno in 1925;  Edith Hurd was part of an exemplary group of women teachers and principals that had a tremendous influence on education in the Reno area for many years.  I'm sure Jane, as the oldest sister, was a major influence in her younger sisters' lives also.  

   Author Barbara Allen Babcock details how Clara Foltz felt the conflict between career and motherhood. At one point during an 1885 case she was emotionally torn as she left her children to travel out of town on a client's behalf.  Later on, she wrote about "time's treachery" as her children grew into men and women and what she had missed. She said "I have lost more for myself that I have gained for all women.  All the pleasure of my young motherhood I sacrificed for woman's."  I wonder if Jane experienced the same emotions.  Perhaps that is why she did not publicly practice, but rather remained in the background of her husband's career.  Clara had her mother's help with childcare and housekeeping; maybe Jane did not have the support system to have a career and motherhood at the same time. Her sisters and mother lived in Reno and Virginia City, Nevada and not in Grass Valley.  Maybe her husband wasn't as supportive of her efforts as we thought.  We just don't know. 

Valparaiso University Law Review (Vol. 28, No. 4 (1994) art. 4) 

  Jane Burrows' story continues to amaze me.  She struggled with many of the same issues that women still struggle with today; balancing motherhood and home life with a career, women's rights and finding an identity and a voice outside of social norms and expectations of the day.  Barbara Allen Babcock laments in her article about the lack of a complete, consistent chronology of the first American women lawyers.  Most women joined the bar with a "small flurry of publicity and then fell from public view as they practiced in the local, largely unchronicled, fashion of most lawyers."  Even though Jane's obituary may have gotten some facts a little mixed up, we get the idea that her pioneering achievement was of particular importance. I think Jane, Clara and Laura would have been good friends! 

 Clara Shortridge Foltz

Wikipedia

Laura de Force Gordon

Wikipedia

  *I highly recommend this article on Clara Shortridge Foltz.  It is a fascinating journey into California history and women's rights. 

Barbara Allen Babcock, Clara Shortridge Foltz: "First Woman", 28 Val. U. L. Rev. 1231 (1994). Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/vulr/vol28/iss4/4 

web address: https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1917&context=vulr 

*Also recommended reading: 

Lady Lawyer, Clara Shortridge Foltz by MS Sharon C Avey    CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (November 3, 2015) (available on Amazon)

Woman Lawyer:  The Trials of Clara Foltz by Barbara Babcock   Stanford University Press; 1st edition (December 12, 2012) (available on Amazon)

Relationship Reference: 

Me->Margaret Hansen Boothby->Harold Hansen->Vere Burrows Hansen->Elizabeth Jane Hurd Burrows